Distribution of Canada Lynx in Yellowstone National Park
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Little is known about Canada lynx in Yellowstone National Park, except that the species was present at the park’s inception in 1872 and may have persisted to the present. The lack of basic information in the park and this species’ listing as threatened in the contiguous U.S. by the Fish and Wildlife Service prompted our 2001–2004 survey of lynx presence and distribution. We traversed track detection transects during winter and used hair snares in summer to detect lynx in select habitats. Using DNA extracted from hair or fecal samples, we confirmed the presence of a female (unknown age), an adult female with a male kitten, and an adult male, each detected in a different year in the eastern portion of the park. Eight other unconfirmed lynx snow trails were also identified, including three from the central portion. Cumulatively, our detections represented at least three individu als, including two kittens born in different years. A male we identified in 2004 was detected 76 km south the following year in the Bridger-Teton National Forest, demonstrating that significant movement of lynx occurs within the Yellowstone Ecosystem. Reproduction that we and others documented, in addition to immigrants from peripheral populations, may contribute to lynx presence in the ecosystem.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".