Fate and distribution of pyrene in Ilyanassa obsoleta exposed through the diet
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The ability of Eastern mud snails to bioaccumulate and biotransform a model polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH), pyrene (PY), was investigated. The contaminant was added to fish at levels ranging from 2 to 5,000 ng/animal fed 20 mg/each and fed to snails. A linear relationship (p=0.03) was observed between the level of PY and the sum of metabolites consisting predominantly of 1-hydroxypyrene and pyrene-1-sulfate detected in soft tissues of snails. In healthy animals, more PY than metabolites was detected, with more biotransformation relative to the parent compound apparent at lower levels of exposure. In ten snails fed together, the body burden of PY-related compounds displayed 49% variability as well as a similar mean and median. One snail within that group had five times more metabolites than PY and was retracted inside the shell, indicating that the animal was stressed. Radio-labelled PY was detected in the largest proportion in the kidney of the animals. Three snails that died during the exposure had also greater than five times more PY metabolites relative to live counterparts. This study is unique in the links that it establishes between stress and the balance of fates of anthropogenic chemicals in biota
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".