Disorder in Milk Proteins: Formation, Structure, Function, Isolation and Applications of Casein Phosphopeptides
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This article is a continuation of a series of reviews on the presence and the role of intrinsic disorder in milk proteins in the journal of Current Protein and Peptide Science. The focus of this article is on casein phosphopeptides, which are liberated during digestion of the milk protein casein. Structurally these phosphopeptides have multiphosphorylated regions making them highly charged. The high degree of charge coupled with relatively low instances of hydrophobic amino acids makes them intrinsically disordered. These peptides have anticariogenic, antimicrobial, immunomodulatory, and cytomodulatory properties. Recent work using in vivo and in vitro models suggests that in addition to transporting calcium, these peptides can also enhance its bioaccessibility. The mechanism of this enhancement has yet to be determined. We review the current state of their structure, function, and isolation of these peptides.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".