Extruded Aluminum Vacuum Chambers for Insertion Devices
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Extruded aluminum vacuum chambers are commonly used in the storage rings of synchrotron facilities. For 18 years the APS has designed and fabricated vacuum chambers made from extruded aluminum for use with insertion devices at the APS and for use at other facilities including BESSY II, the Swiss Light Source (SLS), the Canadian Light Source (CLS), the TESLA Test Facility (TTF), and the European Synchrotron Radiation Facility (ESRF). Most recently extruded aluminum chambers were developed for LCLS with a 0.5-mm wall thickness along the entire 3.8-meter length. Surface roughness for the LCLS vacuum chamber interior was reduced, on average, to less than 300 nm through an abrasive flow polishing technique. Currently under development is an extruded aluminum chamber for the superconducting undulator at the APS. So far, 120 vacuum chambers have been produced with these methods. Results of the development, construction, and manufacturing of extruded aluminum vacuum chambers with small vertical apertures and thin walls are presented. The design, technological challenges, and positive and negative experiences are discussed.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.007 | 0.003 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".