Bibliographic record
Abstract
Reactive powder concrete (RPC) is a cementitious material consisting of cement, sand, silica fume, silica flour, admixture and water. Ductal (registered trade name) is an RPC that contains large quantities of steel or organic fibres. The properties of Ductal are unique, and allow designers to create innovative bridge structures of value that are both structurally efficient and provide excellent resistance to aggressive agents. Around the world, many examples of innovative RPC bridges exist. They include the world's first RPC pedestrian bridge, Sherbrooke Footbridge in Quebec, Canada; the 120m span Sunyudu Footbridge in Seoul, Korea; Sakata-Mirai Footbridge in Japan, and more recent highway bridges in Virginia and Iowa, USA. In Australia, the world's first road bridge built using Ductal was completed in October 2004 at Shepherds Creek. This project was used as an evaluation of the material by the Roads and Traffic Authority (RTA), New South Wales. This paper provides a summary of the properties of Ductal, design considerations, and primarily gives examples of reactive powder bridges around the world. (a) For the covering entry of this conference, please see ITRD abstract no. E214936.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.025 | 0.007 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".