Impact of the Panama Canal Expansion on Canadian Logistics
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The Panama Canal expansion project is one of the world’s largest transportation projects in recent years. The impact from this project will be a global one, as it would improve the competitiveness of routes for shipping containers between the Pacific Ocean and the Atlantic Ocean. Many works have focused on the impact of the canal expansion to the US logistics network, with little focus to Canada. This study attempts to evaluate the impact of the expansion on goods imported from Hong Kong destined for nine major Canadian cities. Specifically, routing options are modeled based on the three parameters: shipping distance, shipping time, and shipping efficiency respectively. The outcomes reveal that the expansion has little to no effect on shipping time; accessing Canada via the western ports followed by rail shipping to destination cities continues to be the preferred route. However, considering shipping efficiency, widening of the canal improves the economies of scale of shipping via the Panama Canal. Depending on the urgency associated with the commodities being shipped, cities such as Montreal and Halifax will see an increase in goods from Asia being shipped through the Panama Canal into the Port of Halifax and Port of Montreal.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.004 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.008 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".