What is the Optimal Dwell Time for Maximizing Ultrafiltration with Icodextrin Exchange in Automated Peritoneal Dialysis Patients?
Bibliographic record
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Icodextrin is increasingly being used in automated peritoneal dialysis (APD) for the long dwell exchange to maintain adequate ultrafiltration (UF). However, the UF reported in the literature varies with different dwell times: from 200 to 500 mL with 12 - 15 hour dwells. In order to maximize UF, it is important to know the relationship between dwell time and UF when using icodextrin in APD patients. With this knowledge, decisions can be made with respect to dwell period, and adjustments to the dialysis prescription can be made accordingly. METHODS: We prospectively studied this relationship in 36 patients from Canada and Turkey. All patients did the icodextrin day exchange manually after disconnecting themselves from overnight cycler dialysis. Dwell period was increased by 1 hour every week, from 10 to 14 hours. Ultrafiltration was noted for each icodextrin exchange. Mean UF for each week (i.e., dwell period) was compared by repeated measures ANOVA. RESULTS: We found no difference in mean UF with increasing dwelt time: 351.73 +/- 250.59 mL at 10 hours versus 371.75 +/- 258.25 mL at 14 hours (p = 0.83). We also compared mean UF between different subgroups and found that males (p = 0.02 vs females) and high transporters (p = 0.04 vs low) had higher mean UF. Further analysis of maximal UF showed no correlation to age, sex, diabetic status, transport category, creatinine clearance, Kt/V, duration on peritoneal dialysis, or duration of icodextrin use. CONCLUSION: Icodextrin-related UF in APD patients is not related to demographic factors and does not increase significantly beyond 10 hours.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".