Advantages of supercritical carbon dioxide for lipid hydrolysis by immobilized lipase with higher reaction rate and reproducible of repeated use
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract BACKGROUND Supercritical carbon dioxide (SCCO2) has been expected to be a suitable solvent for industrial production of biochemical components using enzymatic processing. This paper presents advantages of SCCO2 for lipid hydrolysis by immobilized lipase not only for reaction rate but also for repeated use. Four lipase sources (Candida cylindracea, Candida rugosa, Rhizopus arrhizus, and wheat germ) were employed to examine rapid initiation and higher production of fatty acid. They were immobilized using a porous polypropylene particle carrier (Accurel MP100). RESULTS The amount of lipase adsorbed on polypropylene particles pretreated with ethanol was logarithmically correlated with the molecular hydrophobicity of the lipase. The immobilized yield of lipase based on the adsorbed amount exceeded 98% for every tested source. In particular, immobilized R. arrhizus lipase exhibited rapid initiation and higher production of oleic acid. In five repeated uses of immobilized lipase in SCCO2, the rapid initiation was highly reproducible and a satisfactory reaction yield was successfully obtained. CONCLUSION The excellent advantages of SCCO2 for lipid hydrolysis by immobilized lipase on polypropylene particle carriers were demonstrated, showing higher reaction rate and reproducible repeated use, promising findings expected to be applied to industrial process development. © 2015 Society of Chemical Industry
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".