The Impact of Board Size, CEO Duality, and Corporate Liquidity on the Profitability of Canadian Service Firms
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The purpose of this study is to examine the impact of board size, the CEO (Chief Executive Officer) duality, and corporate liquidity on the profitability of Canadian service firms. This study also seeks to extend the findings of Kajola [1] and Gill [2]. A sample of 75 Canadian service firms listed on Toronto Stock Exchange (TSX) for a period of 3 years (from 2008-2010) was selected. This study applied co-relational and non-experimental research design. The results indicate that larger board size (large number of directors) negatively impact on the profitability of Canadian service firms. The findings of this paper also show that the CEO duality and corporate liquidity positively impact the profitability of Canadian service firms. In addition, firm size and firm growth positively impact the profitability of Canadian service firms. This study contributes to the literature on the factors that affect firm’s profitability. The findings may be useful for the financial managers, investors, and financial management consultants.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".