Static stress drop in the <i>M<sub>w</sub></i> 9 Tohoku‐oki earthquake: Heterogeneous distribution and low average value
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Static stress drop distribution and its average value over the rupture area contain important information on the mechanics of large earthquakes. Here we derive static stress drop distributions from 40 published rupture models for the 2011 M w 9 Tohoku‐oki earthquake that are based on various multidisciplinary observations. Average stress drop value over the fault area encompassed by the 5 m coseismic slip contour is not unusually large for each rupture model; the mean for the 40 models is 2.3 ± 1.3 MPa, assuming a uniform rigidity 40 GPa. The value for the entire rupture zone and with a more realistic rigidity structure will be even lower. In the majority of the models, local stress drop in parts of the rupture zone well exceeds 20 MPa. The heterogeneous stress change distribution, with large stress drop being accompanied by large stress increase, leads to the small average for the earthquake.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".