Acarbose Treatment and the Risk of Cardiovascular Disease and Hypertension in Patients With Impaired Glucose Tolerance
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Context The worldwide explosive increase in type 2 diabetes mellitus and its car-diovascular morbidity are becoming major health concerns.Objective Toevaluatetheeffectofdecreasingpostprandialhyperglycemiawithacar-bose, an -glucosidase inhibitor, on the risk of cardiovascular disease and hyperten-sion in patients with impaired glucose tolerance (IGT).Design,Setting,andParticipants International,multicenterdouble-blind,placebo-controlled,randomizedtrial,undertakeninhospitalsinCanada,Germany,Austria,Nor-way,Denmark,Sweden,Finland,Israel,andSpainfromJuly1998throughAugust2001.A total of 1429 patients with IGT were randomized with 61 patients (4%) excludedbecause they did not have IGT or had no postrandomization data, leaving 1368 pa-tientsforamodifiedintent-to-treatanalysis.Bothmen(49%)andwomen(51%)par-ticipated with a mean (SD) age of 54.5 (7.9) years and body mass index of 30.9 (4.2).These patients were followed up for a mean (SD) of 3.3 (1.2) years.Intervention PatientswithIGTwererandomizedtoreceiveeitherplacebo(n=715)or 100 mg of acarbose 3 times a day (n=714).MainOutcomeMeasures Thedevelopmentofmajorcardiovascularevents(coro-naryheartdisease,cardiovasculardeath,congestiveheartfailure,cerebrovascularevent,and peripheral vascular disease) and hypertension ( 140/90 mm Hg).Results Threehundredforty-onepatients(24%)discontinuedtheirparticipationpre-maturely, 211 in the acarbose-treated group and 130 in the placebo group; these pa-tientswerealsofollowedupforoutcomeparameters.Decreasingpostprandialhyper-glycemia with acarbose was associated with a 49% relative risk reduction in thedevelopment of cardiovascular events (hazard ratio [HR], 0.51; 95% confidence in-terval [CI]; 0.28-0.95;
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".