Acarbose Treatment and the Risk of Cardiovascular Disease and Hypertension in Patients With Impaired Glucose Tolerance
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Context The worldwide explosive increase in type 2 diabetes mellitus and its car-diovascular morbidity are becoming major health concerns.Objective Toevaluatetheeffectofdecreasingpostprandialhyperglycemiawithacar-bose, an -glucosidase inhibitor, on the risk of cardiovascular disease and hyperten-sion in patients with impaired glucose tolerance (IGT).Design,Setting,andParticipants International,multicenterdouble-blind,placebo-controlled,randomizedtrial,undertakeninhospitalsinCanada,Germany,Austria,Nor-way,Denmark,Sweden,Finland,Israel,andSpainfromJuly1998throughAugust2001.A total of 1429 patients with IGT were randomized with 61 patients (4%) excludedbecause they did not have IGT or had no postrandomization data, leaving 1368 pa-tientsforamodifiedintent-to-treatanalysis.Bothmen(49%)andwomen(51%)par-ticipated with a mean (SD) age of 54.5 (7.9) years and body mass index of 30.9 (4.2).These patients were followed up for a mean (SD) of 3.3 (1.2) years.Intervention PatientswithIGTwererandomizedtoreceiveeitherplacebo(n=715)or 100 mg of acarbose 3 times a day (n=714).MainOutcomeMeasures Thedevelopmentofmajorcardiovascularevents(coro-naryheartdisease,cardiovasculardeath,congestiveheartfailure,cerebrovascularevent,and peripheral vascular disease) and hypertension ( 140/90 mm Hg).Results Threehundredforty-onepatients(24%)discontinuedtheirparticipationpre-maturely, 211 in the acarbose-treated group and 130 in the placebo group; these pa-tientswerealsofollowedupforoutcomeparameters.Decreasingpostprandialhyper-glycemia with acarbose was associated with a 49% relative risk reduction in thedevelopment of cardiovascular events (hazard ratio [HR], 0.51; 95% confidence in-terval [CI]; 0.28-0.95;
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".