Cycloning of tailing for the production of sand as TSF construction material
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Hydro-cycloning of plant tailings is an often used tool to produce relatively coarse free draining sand (cyclone underflow) for Tailing Storage Facility (TSF) embankment construction. This paper outlines the available choices and design considerations involved for the minimization of sand production costs by cyclone, looking among others at parameters such as sand yield, water recovery, and consistency of sand quality. A number of changes in drivers to the disposal of tailings make this a relevant subject. Previously not as specifically managed and regulated, the sand quality specification has become considerably more stringent. This and the generally finer grind required for more difficult and lower grade ores often requires double stage cycloning to produce the necessary sand quality. At the same time there have been new advances in cyclone technology. In many parts of the world a shortage of water impacts mining projects. As water is an inherent part of the hydro-cyclone operation, the sand production by cyclone is an integral part of the water management of a tailing management facility.[All papers were considered for technical and language appropriateness by the organizing committee.]
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.014 | 0.002 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".