Neutrophil migration stimulates rat intestinal epithelial cell cytokine expression during helminth infection
Bibliographic record
Abstract
We are interested in understanding the role of epithelial cells during inflammation, and we previously reported that rat small intestinal epithelial cells express interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta) during infection by Trichinella spiralis. We now report that the epithelium also produces the potent neutrophil chemotactic factor, macrophage inflammatory protein-2 (MIP-2), and an IL-1 antagonist: the type II IL-1 receptor. Consequently we investigated the pattern of neutrophil infiltration into the infected intestine, which closely paralleled the epithelial cytokine expression. Speculating that neutrophil infiltration may provoke epithelial cytokine expression, neutrophil migration into the infected gut was reduced by depleting circulating cells through the use of a specific antibody, or by preventing migration through the use of a function-blocking anti-CD18 monoclonal antibody. Either treatment reduced the number of neutrophils recoverable from the small intestinal epithelium and was paralleled by reduced mRNA levels for epithelial cytokines. These results demonstrate that neutrophil infiltration of the small intestinal epithelium contributes to the stimulation of epithelial cell cytokines.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".