Where everybody knows your name: growing up Japanese in Burlington, WA, 1920-1942
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The 1920s and 1930s were a time of conflict for many people of Japanese ancestry who lived in the Pacific Northwest. They faced Alien Land Laws and Anti-Miscegenation Laws in many of the Pacific Northwest States. They found themselves limited in their school activities and in their career paths. This situation was remarkably similar up and down the coast, especially in areas where the Japanese settled in large communities. This paper presents a different story of the 1920s and 1930s. The town of Burlington, WA, located approximately half way between Seattle and the Canadian border, was home to two Japanese families, in addition to a small community in nearby Blanchard. Instead of facing the prejudice, discrimination and violence that many other Japanese Americans faced, these families found a way to integrate themselves into the community through church, school, and other activities. The story of Burlington demonstrates that even though racist attitudes existed in the area and were even espoused by the local newspaper editor, the people of Burlington were willing to live with and among the Japanese families until their internment and incarceration in June 1942.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.023 | 0.003 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.004 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".