3D borehole geophone orientation study, central Alberta
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Geophone orientation azimuths were found analytically from 3D and 2D walkaway VSP data acquired near Lousana, Alberta. The 3D dataset was divided based on sourcewell azimuth into bins with centers trending 0°-180°, 45°-225°, 90°-270° and 135°-315°; the standard deviation in orientation azimuth was found to be 5.24° using all azimuths, and 1.28°, 0.66°, 1.07° and 2.77° respectively when binned. The 2D dataset consisted of three lines; the standard deviation for this survey was 1.73° for all lines, 1.87° for the east line, 0.71° for the southeast line and 1.81° for the south line. In both cases, the mean angle calculated for each receiver did not appear to have any dependence on source-well azimuth, suggesting flat, isotropic geology near the well. Removal of sources nearer than 300 m (approximately 1/3 of the geophone depth) significantly improved the scatter in the 2D walkaway, but had little effect on the 3D walkaway. Finally, the orientation angles for the 3D walkaway analysis were also calculated using a linear regression analysis of trace hodograms. Results showed that mean angles calculated using this method differed from the analytic method by less than 1° on average, but that the analytic method produced less scatter.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".