Compression mechanisms of unsaturated clay under high stresses
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This paper investigates the compression behavior of unsaturated clay under mean stresses up to 160 MPa and different drainage conditions. A new isotropic pressure cell was developed that incorporates matric suction control using the axis-translation technique, and a high-pressure syringe pump operated in displacement-control mode was used to control the total stress and track specimen volume changes. In addition to presenting results from characterization tests on the cell, results from a series of isotropic compression tests performed on compacted clay specimens under drained and undrained conditions are presented. These results permit evaluation of the hardening mechanisms and transition points in the compression curve with increasing effective stress. As expected, specimens tested under undrained conditions were much stiffer than those tested under drained conditions. In the drained tests, the rate of compression was sufficient to permit steady-state dissipation of excess pore-water pressure except under the highest stress ranges. Suction-induced hardening was observed when comparing saturated and unsaturated specimens tested in the drained compression tests. In both the drained and undrained compression tests, the range of applied stresses was sufficient to cause collapse or dissolution of the air voids (pressurized saturation) and convergence of the virgin compression lines for unsaturated specimens with that measured for saturated specimens. A gradual transition to full-void closure was observed at high stresses when the compression curves were plotted on a natural scale, but the shapes of the compression curves at high stresses were not consistent with conventional soil mechanics models when plotted on a semilogarithmic scale. The results from this study provide insight into how constitutive models for unsaturated soils can be extended to high stress conditions for drained and undrained conditions.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".