Transesterification of triglycerides in a new ultrasonic-assisted mixing device
Bibliographic record
Abstract
We adapted a media mill to house an ultrasonic horn to transesterify triglycerides to biodiesel. This configuration combines enhanced mass transfer from the acoustic cavitation of the ultrasonic probe with non- conventional mixing from the media mill. It ensures oil and methanol circulates in the vicinity of the ultrasonic tip. We tested methanol, ethanol and isopropanol as alcohols and KOH as a catalyst to transesterify canola oil. The branched isopropanol lowers the biodiesel cloud point by 10 °C compared to biodiesel produced with methanol (fatty acid methyl ester). We withdrew samples at regular intervals and analysed them in a GC according to EN14103-2011. The ultrasonic-assisted mixing device that we designed converts most of the triglycerides with methanol within one minute of pulsed ultrasonic irradiation. The reaction with ethanol and isopropanol is faster than in classical batch reactors.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".