Recognition, Re-distribution and Solidarity: The Case of Multicultural Canada
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abu-Laban argues that the case of Canada is theoretically rich for theorising issues around mobilisation, claims-making, recognition as well as solidarity. Her chapter establishes that unequal social relations and the denial of full citizenship rights characterised Canada’s foundation and evolution. As a consequence claims for cultural recognition were typically also redistributive claims, and the consolidation and early development of the Canadian welfare state also supported the advancement of a culturally pluralist nation. With the neo-liberal turn, this ethos has been strained with growing socio-economic inequalities as well as the advancement of patriotic citizenship expressions. While the current government of Prime Minister Justin Trudeau has been refashioning the symbolic order in culturally pluralist ways and challenging austerity measures, it is an open question about what the future holds.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.003 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.065 | 0.025 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.014 | 0.004 |
| Open science | 0.003 | 0.009 |
| Research integrity | 0.004 | 0.005 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.007 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".