Thermal Biology and Swimming Energetics of Bonefish (Albula vulpes) in Eleuthera, The Bahamas.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Knowledge of the swimming energetics and thermal biology of bonefish is extremely limited, yet this information is critical to understanding the thermal windows for tropical intertidal species, quantifying fish fitness in relation to temperature and understanding the potential future effects of climate change.To address this gap in knowledge a combination of laboratory and field approaches were used to study the thermal biology of bonefish (Albula vulpes).The critical swimming speed (U crit ), metabolic rates (MO 2max and MO 2routine ), scope for activity, and cost of transport (COT net ) was assessed across a range of temperatures for bonefish in The Bahamas, using a swim tunnel.For both critical swimming speed and scope for activity, optimal (T opt ) and critical (T crit ) temperatures were determined.The optimal temperature for U crit (i.e., 96cm/s) was 28°C and the optimal temperature for scope for activity (i.e., 7.5mgO 2 /min/kg) was 26.7°C.The thermal profile of wild bonefish was also determined by surgically implanting iButton thermal loggers into the fish and recapturing those fish after they had been at liberty.Of the 138 implanted fish, 8 were recaptured with functional iButtons.Their thermal profiles revealed that bonefish did not exceed laboratory-determined critical temperatures (i.e., 14.5°C and 38°C) and spent the majority of their time at their optimal temperatures.Nonetheless, fish experienced wide variation in daily thermal experience -both through time and among individuals.Overall, this research yields a better understanding of bonefish thermal biology, and the potential impacts of climate change, as well as paves the way for creating a complete bioenergetics model for the species.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".