Bibliographic record
Abstract
Introduction This paper examines the political and cultural mapping of a recent Economic Summit on the Free Trade Area of the Americas (FTAA) and anti-corporate globalization protests onto Quebec City as a famous tourist destination. This ‘new tourism’ brings political purpose and engagement to the traditional notion of travel and tourism. Activist tourists have become an important issue for customs and immigration practices at national borders, and political ‘activist tourists’ have been vilified in the media, whether discovered amongst mercenaries in Afghanistan, working volunteers in Calcutta, observers in Chiapas or enroute to a protest rally in Canada. This might challenge most students of tourism, but the manner of travel, demands on services and activities outside of protest rallies per se are all common elements with many other types of tourist and forms of tourism. Like the narrow streets of the walled city, this article twists and turns through the maps of tourist guides and media coverage to place tourist maps and tourism practices within the theoretical context of social spatialization to explain their contributions to the creation and maintenance of place-myths of ‘Old Quebec City’, a walled and nostalgically European outpost of the 16 and 17 century conquest of North America. A new layer of complexity is then added, for history and memory are political and in Quebec City, they occupy physical spaces, such as battlegrounds, monuments and city walls. These reminders of the history of Quebecois in North America and of the city ‘Vieux Quebec’ as a site of struggle threaten to overwhelm the more comfortable, touristic ‘Old Quebec’. This historical instability was pushed into the present during the events and protests of the Summit. More than merely a question of the past, and even an issue of the present, I argue that place and memory holds a key to futures; spatializations operate not merely in, say, a Foucauldian panoptic present; spatializations have a future-oriented force. An ‘Anticipatory Spatialization’ promises a Ville de Quebec which is a national not provincial capitol. More darkly, through Free Trade images and rhetoric exemplified by a recent postage stamp, the Quebec Summit is the birthplace of a project for a ‘unified’ hemisphere, the ‘Americas’ the ‘Free Trade Area of the Americas’.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.009 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".