A Vision for the Future: Pathology and Emerging Treatments of Age-Related Macular Degeneration
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Age-related macular degeneration impacts vastly on elderly populations, particularly in the developed world. The less severe, non-exudative form of the disease is characterised by hypopigmentation of the retina due to atrophic changes in the retinal pigment epithelium. The exudative form is caused by the formation of choroidal neovascular membranes subretinally. Trials of new treatments for the non-exudative form are currently underway and rheopheresis therapy is now available in both Canada and Germany. Treatment of the more severe exudative form has been revolutionised in the past ten years with the advent of transpupillary therapy, intravitreal steroid injections and photodynamic therapy. Most significant is the emergence of anti-angiogenic drugs pegaptanib, ranibizumab and bevacizumab. The future is hopeful, with research ongoing into genetic factors, immunotherapy and new surgical techniques also. WinneroftheGlaxoSmithKlineBestArticleAward
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.003 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.003 | 0.005 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.004 | 0.004 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.014 | 0.003 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".