Validity of nodule palpation in a Simulium neavei-transmitted onchocerciasis area in Uganda.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The objective of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of palpable nodules as a rapid indicator for onchocerciasis endemicity in at-risk communities where Simulium neavei s.s. is the transmitting vector. We used data collected from 13 villages in Uganda to determine the validity of this rapid assessment method. The prevalence of palpable nodules was closely associated with the microfilarial prevalence (R2 = 0.603, P = 0.002), with the community filarial load (R2 = 0.620, P = 0.001) and with the prevalence of onchodermatitis. Nodule palpation in males more than 20 years old, using a cut-off point of 40% and higher for the nodule prevalence, had a sensitivity of 92% and a specificity of 100% in correctly identifying communities in need of urgent intervention with ivermectin mass treatment. Cut-off points were based on World Health Organization recommendations. Thus, nodule palpation can replace skin snipping to identify communities at serious risk of S. neavei-transmitted onchocerciasis.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".