Disruption of the gene encoding the cell adhesion molecule DdCAD-1 leads to aberrant cell sorting and cell-type proportioning during<i>Dictyostelium</i>development
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The cadA gene in Dictyostelium encodes the Ca2+-dependent cell adhesion molecule DdCAD-1, which is expressed soon after the initiation of development. To investigate the biological role of DdCAD-1, the cadA gene was disrupted by homologous recombination. The cadA-null cells showed a 50% reduction in EDTA-sensitive cell adhesion. The remaining EDTA-sensitive adhesion sites were resistant to dissociation by anti-DdCAD-1 antibody, suggesting that they were distinct adhesion sites. Cells that lacked DdCAD-1 were able to complete development and form fruiting bodies. However, they displayed abnormal slug morphology and culmination was delayed by approximately 6 hours. The yield of spores was reduced by approximately 50%. The proportion of prestalk cells in cadA(-) slugs showed a 2.5-fold increase over the parental strain. When cadA(-) cells were transfected with pcotB::GFP to label prespore cells, aberrant cell-sorting patterns in slugs became apparent. When mutant prestalk cells were mixed with wild-type prespore cells, mutant prestalk cells were unable to return to the anterior position of chimeric slugs, suggesting defects in the sorting mechanism. The wild-type phenotype was restored when cadA(-) cells were transfected with a cadA-expression vector. These results indicate that, in addition to cell-cell adhesion, DdCAD-1 plays a role in cell type proportioning and pattern formation.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".