Exploring convolutional neural network structures and optimization techniques for speech recognition
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
Recently, convolutional neural networks (CNNs) have been shown to outperform the standard fully connected deep neu-ral networks within the hybrid deep neural network / hidden Markov model (DNN/HMM) framework on the phone recogni-tion task. In this paper, we extend the earlier basic form of the CNN and explore it in multiple ways. We first investigate sev-eral CNN architectures, including full and limited weight shar-ing, convolution along frequency and time axes, and stacking of several convolution layers. We then develop a novel weighted softmax pooling layer so that the size in the pooling layer can be automatically learned. Further, we evaluate the effect of CNN pretraining, which is achieved by using a convolutional version of the RBM. We show that all CNN architectures we have in-vestigated outperform the earlier basic form of the DNN on both the phone recognition and large vocabulary speech recog-nition tasks. The architecture with limited weight sharing pro-vides additional gains over the full weight sharing architecture. The softmax pooling layer performs as well as the best CNN with the manually tuned fixed-pooling size, and has a potential for further improvement. Finally, we show that CNN pretrain-ing produces significantly better results on a large vocabulary speech recognition task.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it