Radar Cross Sections @rrBgh=lF(fcequelnl{:Y Surface-Wal® @ldl<aJrr
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The radar cross sectio ns of both small and large ships for high-frequency surface-wave radar (HFSWR) were studied by using the Numerical Electromagnetics Code, and by using measurements from an HFSWR system at Cape Race, Newfoundland, Canada. The results of the study indicated that Teleost, a 2405-lon Canadian Coast Guard ship, and large cargo container vessels (-36000 ton) have comparable RCS values at 3.1 and 4.1 MHz. This was verified by comparing Teleost signals with the reflections of seven cargo-container vessels, identified during an operational evaluation of the HFSWR. The conclusion of the study was that Teleost and the large cargo container vessels had an angle-averaged radar cross section (RCS) of -40 dBm2, while small vessels (-1000 tons) could reasonably be characterized by an angle-averaged RCS of -30 dBm2, in the lower end of the HF band (3-5 MHz).
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.009 | 0.002 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".