Using downhole geophysical logs to provide detailed lithology and stratigraphic assignment, Oak Ridges Morain, southern Ontario
Bibliographic record
Abstract
In a regional hydrogeology study, Oak Ridges Moraine area, southern Ontario, downhole geophysical logs from 11 deep (about 90.190 m), plastic-cased, continuously logged boreholes helped establish these sites as high-quality stratigraphic benchmarks. Acquired logs include natural gamma, conductivity, magnetic susceptibility, spectral gamma, temperature, and seismic velocity measurements. The downhole logs provide detailed physical properties (at submetre to metre scale) that aid in lithological characterization and in determining subsurface stratigraphy. While natural gamma, conductivity, and magnetic susceptibility logs are useful to identify varied lithological units downhole, they cannot be used alone to differentiate the Newmarket Till (a regionally significant aquitard) from overlying or underlying units. However, this till is characterized by seismic velocities (>2500 m/s) that are significantly higher than most other sediments encountered in these boreholes. Seismic velocities also show promise as a porosity indicator and spectral gamma logs provide relative density estimates.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".