Digital Inclusion: The Way Forward for Equality in a Multiethnic Society
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The present study explores how youth as citizens in a multiethnic and multireligious society in Malaysia use the Internet to accelerate their economic and political participation. Data for this study was collected through a set of questionnaires administered to 600 respondents, whose ages ranged from 18 to 40 years, all residing in the suburbs of Kuala Lumpur, the capital of Malaysia. The findings indicate that about half of the respondents had the experience of using the Internet for more than four years. The ethnic Chinese who have high access to the Internet also used commercial and government online facilities more frequently than other ethnic groups. There was no significant difference with regard to using online educational and entertainment facilities or with regard to political participation. There were no significant differences among the ethnic groups. The findings indicate that the online facilities have contributed to the leveling of active participation among ethnic groups in political matters. However, gaps still exist with regard to commercial and public sector online activities among the ethnic groups.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.003 | 0.005 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.009 | 0.009 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.011 | 0.011 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.016 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.006 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".