Seismic design of boundary frame members of steel plate shear walls
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Steel Plate Shear Walls (SPSWs), which consist of infill steel panels surrounded by columns, called Vertical Boundary Elements (VBEs), and beams, called Horizontal Boundary Elements (HBEs), are rapidly becoming an appealing alternative lateral force resisting system for building structures in the United States, Canada, Mexico, Japan, Taiwan and other countries. This paper presents results of some recent research to expand the range of applicability of SPSWs with emphasis on improving the understanding of seismic per- formance of the boundary frame members. Following a brief review of the observed failure of the intermediate HBE from the MCEER/NCREE testing program, the models developed to investigate the behavior of HBEs are presented, followed by design recommendations. Then, analytical models to prevent the in-plane shear yield- ing and to estimate the out-of-plane buckling strength of VBEs are developed, followed by a review of past experimental data to investigate if the previously observed VBE failures were due to excessive VBE flexibilities or other causes. It is shown that the existing VBE flexibility requirement specified in the current design codes is uncorrelated to satisfactory VBE performance. The proposed analytical models predict the performance of previously tested SPSWs that correlates well with the experimental observations.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".