Species status, hybridisation and geographic distribution of Irish populations of Quercus petraea (Matt.) Liebl. and Q. robur L.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The species status of Quercus petraea and Q. robur in Ireland was investigated through morphological analysis of leaves. A number of different methods were used for the analysis. The consensus findings were that both species were readily distinguished in Ireland, although there are putative hybrids and introgressed individuals. The overall variability in leaf morphology was considerable and the percentage of distinct species based on a hybrid index was only 30% (15% Q. petraea and 15% Q. robur). The level of hybridisation was estimated at 10%, which is comparable to that reported in other studies in Europe. Quercus robur was found to be more distinct than Q. petraea as intermediate morphological forms grouped closer to Q. petraea in a Neighbour-Joining cluster analysis. Quercus petraea individuals were found mainly in peripheral mountainous regions and Q. robur individuals mainly in central lowland regions and these distributions roughly corresponded to typical ecological habitats for either species.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".