STUDY OF PULSATILE NON-NEWTONIAN BLOOD FLOW THROUGH ABDOMINAL AORTA AND RENAL ARTERIES INCORPORATING FLUID- STRUCTURE INTERACTION
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Background: The interaction between the blood and the vessel wall is of great clinical interest in studying cardiovascular diseases, the major causes of death in developed countries. Objective: To understand the effects of incorporating fluid-structure interaction into the simulation of blood flow through an anatomically realistic model of abdominal aorta and renal arteries reconstructed from CT images. Methods: The fluid is assumed to be incompressible and non-Newtonian and the vessel wall is set to have isotropic elastic properties. The blood flow is assumed to be periodic; therefore, a real pulsatile flow velocity in the entrance of the abdominal aorta of a healthy adult is measured via laser Doppler anemometry and used in this study. The effects of wall flexibility, both rigid and compliant models were also simulated. Results: Comparison of the rigid model with compliant model reveals that velocity and pressure drop in flexible arteries is less than those in rigid arteries. As wall shear stress plays an important role in the function of the cardiovascular system as it has immediate effect on the endothelial histology, the wall shear stress was analyzed; the rigid model wall shear stress magnitude was higher than that in the compliant model. It was also observed that the peak values of wall shear stress in this study were not high enough to be able to damage and strip the endothelial cells. Displacements of vessel walls were also studied; it was found that the wall displacement during the systole was higher than the diastole. Conclusion: Incorporating fluid-structure interaction and considering vessel wall deformations in studying blood flow through arteries have notable effects on blood flow characteristics.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".