Surveillance in stage I testicular seminoma - risk of late relapse.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
INTRODUCTION: Surveillance is an alternative to adjuvant radiotherapy for stage I testicular seminoma. We present the long-term results of seminoma surveillance, with emphasis on quantifying the risk of late relapse beyond 5 years. METHODS: From 1981 to 1993, of 431 men with stage I testicular seminoma, 203 were managed by surveillance following radical orchidectomy. The surveillance protocol comprised a combination of clinical examination, CT scans of abdomen and pelvis, chest x-rays and serum markers, at defined intervals. RESULTS: At a median follow-up of 9.2 years, 35 men have relapsed. Five of the relapses occurred more than 5 years after orchidectomy (at 5.1, 6.9, 7.3, 7.3, and 9.0 years). The actuarial risk of relapse at 5 and 10 years was 15% (standard error [SE] 1.1%) and 18% (SE 1.8%) respectively. One hundred sixty one men were free of relapse at 5 years, and have been followed beyond this point for a median of 4.3 years. The actuarial risk of relapse between 5 and 10 years was 4% (SE 0.5%). CONCLUSIONS: These results demonstrate that there is a small but clinically significant risk of relapse more than 5 years after orchidectomy for stage I seminoma. These data support the need for long term surveillance.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".