Prevalence of Bilirubin Encephalopathy in Calabar, South-South, Nigeria (A 5-Year Review)
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Background: Bilirubin encephalopathy is the clinical syndrome associated with bilirubin toxicity to the central nervous system resulting in chronic and permanent sequelae.It has been estimated that approximately 60% of term babies and 80% of preterm babies develop jaundice within the first week of life.Objective: To determine the prevalence, morbidity and mortality of bilirubin encephalopathy at our centre.Methodology: A retrospective descriptive review of the case files of all babies diagnosed with bilirubin encephalopathy over the past 5 years from January 2010 to December 2014 was undertaken.Information retrieved from the case notes included age, sex, presence of fever, duration of illness, place of delivery, causes and treatment.The outcome measures such as discharged home, discharged against medical advice, and death were also noted.Results: Out of a total of 2,820 babies, 21 (0.74%) were admitted on account of bilirubin encephalopathy.Of these 21, seventeen (81%) were males and four (19%) females giving M; F ratio of 5:1.Eighteen babies (85.7%) had pyrexia, 8(38.1%) and 6(28.6%) were hypertonic and hypotonic respectively on admission.Only 33.3% of the deliveries took place in the health facilities.The established factors responsible for jaundice included infections (septicaemia) (15/71.4%),ABO incompatibility (4/19.1%),and G6PDeficiency (2/9.5%).The mean maximum serum bilirubin of the subjects was 321.3μmol/l (242.5 -440.3).The case fatality was 4/21(19%).Conclusion: Neonatal septicaemia is associated with bilirubin encephalopathy.Therefore identification and prompt treatment is of utmost importance to avoid morbidity and mortality.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.005 | 0.006 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".