Experimental assessment of gene flow between transgenic squash and a wild relative in the center of origin of cucurbits
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The introgression of modified genetic sequences (transgenes) into wild populations hinges on the generation of viable and fertile hybrids from crosses between transgenic cultivars and their wild relatives. We assessed the risk of escape of a gene construct that confers resistance to three viruses (ZYMV, WMV, CMV) from a transgenic zucchini (Cucurbita pepo) to Cucurbita argyrosperma ssp. sororia, a wild relative at the center of origin of the genus in Mexico. We experimentally generated first and second generation hybrids, as well as backcross progeny (BC), and evaluated their performance. The virus‐resistance transgene was successfully inherited into both hybrid generations and also to BC progeny from the crosses of hybrids with the wild relative. The transgene generally followed Mendelian inheritance as a dominant trait. Both hybrid generations and the BC progeny had lower reproductive output compared to the wild parent. Given that the hybrid and BC progeny were viable and fertile, the escape and persistence of the transgene is possible via wild populations of C. argyrosperma ssp. sororia. This information is essential for biosafety policy in Mexico—center of origin and diversification of several crops—where the liberation of genetically modified plants is currently under approval, and risk assessment is necessary.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".