Implementation of Spring Load Restrictions Using a Deflection-Calibrated Thaw Index
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The City of Ottawa, Canada, uses a Dynaflect to monitor the change in pavement strength during the spring thaw at 11 test sites selected to represent its arterial road network. As the average deflection of the sites approaches a threshold value, load restrictions are publicized by signage and advertisements in local newspapers. The restrictions remain in effect until deflections decrease below the threshold value. Local police equipped with portable weigh scales enforce the restrictions. The goal is to allow for the shortest possible restriction period and still ensure that the road infrastructure is protected. However, the decision to implement load restrictions is traditionally made too late, because prediction of thaw progression between weekly deflection testing is difficult. The city's pavements are occasionally subjected to full-load hauling during the initial and most critical portion of the thaw period. To predict the onset and progression of the spring thaw better, the thaw index (TI) was used in addition to deflection testing. The TI (as calibrated separately by the Minnesota Department of Transportation and Manitoba Transportation and Government Services, Canada) was analyzed to determine whether it would predict the same implementation date as did deflection data. Results suggested that calibration factors provided by either agency are sufficiently accurate in the Ottawa environment but the Manitoba calibration is slightly more precise. Future investigation will involve use of surface curvature index, as well as direct temperature measurements from the city's Road Weather Information Systems.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Direct model labels (unvalidated)
Per-model category and study-design labels from the labeling rounds. They are machine output, unvalidated, and the disagreement between models ships as data. No study design here is MEDLINE-validated yet.
| Model arm | Categories | Study design | Confidence |
|---|---|---|---|
| gemma | no category Domain: not available · Genre: Empirical About the Canadian research system: no · About a Canadian topic: yes | Observational | high |
| gpt | no category Domain: not available · Genre: Empirical About the Canadian research system: no · About a Canadian topic: yes | Observational | high |
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedLabeled directly by 2 models reading the full record.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".