Hydrogel charge regulation and electrolyte ion-concentration perturbations in nanoparticle gel electrophoresis
Why this work is in the frame
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
Gel electrophoresis of spherical nanoparticles (NPs) is studied using an electrokinetic model that couples the ion conservation equations to the Poisson and fluid momentum equations, thus including the so-called polarization and relaxation processes. This model is therefore the charged gel electrophoresis analogue of the well-known O’Brien and White solution of the standard electrokinetic model for free-solution electrophoresis. Results are provided for the small NPs (size around 10 nm) to which gel electrophoresis is relevant, because particles must be small enough to permeate the gel: these include the particle drag coefficient (or Brownian diffusivity), which is subject to hydrodynamic screening and electroviscous effects, and the electrophoretic mobility, which is subject to nonlinear electrostatic and charge polarization influences. Also addressed are the influences of charge-regulating gels and the accompanying particle-induced immobile charge-density perturbations. Ion-concentration perturbations attenuate the electrophoretic mobility and enhance the drag coefficient according to the particle charge and the mobility of the most abundant counterion. However, dynamic regulation of the hydrogel charge—termed the secondary immobile charge-density perturbation—has a negligible influence on the particle mobility, and may therefore be neglected for most practical purposes.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it