Bibliographic record
Abstract
With the passing of the Jwnpstart Our Business Startups ( JOBS) Act, U.S. companies and their investors will soon be able to participate in "equity crowdf unding" ( ECF), a process that allows individuals to buy equity securities in a company over the Internet.After assessing arguments both for and against ECF, this article concludes that the benefits of ECF, on the whole, outweigh its disadvantages.ECF provides small and mid-size companies with an economical system for raising capital, decreases costs incurred to invest in these companies, offers investment opportunities to a greater population, and pairs companies with intetested investots.The article makes some proposals for the regulation of ECF, such as requiring the distribution of securities to occur through portals that are registered with the securities regulator and it briefly addresses the Ontario Securities Comm.ission's recently proposed crowdfunding prospectus exemption.22.This endorsement of portal based crowdfunding follows from the JOBS Act, which permits equity crowdfunding via a licensed intennediary (in the U.S. called a broker-dealer) or via a registered portal.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".