Design and testing of low-cost miniature ion thruster for nanosatellites
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Ion propulsion is a technology that offers low thrust but high specific impulse for small spacecraft. The propulsion system can be used for attitude control and deep-space missions. A disadvantage ion thrusters have is the high cost of the propellant. Xenon is a widely used propellant for ion thrusters; however, it is expensive. In addition, the manufacturing of the ion thruster can be costly. This paper presents a low-cost ion thruster that uses nitrogen and argon as its propellant. The thruster is named capacitive discharge ion thruster (CDIT) because the plasma is generated by a capacitive discharge. The force, specific impulse, mass efficiency, power efficiency, and thrust efficiency of the CDIT using nitrogen is 0.564 mN, 2 300 s, 0.44, 0.75, and 0.34, respectively, at a mass flow rate of 25 µg/s.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".