GOLPH3 and YB-1 Are Novel Markers Correlating With Poor Prognosis in Prostate Cancer
Bibliographic record
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Prostate cancer is a common and aggressive cancer among men. Despite advances in the treatment, the mechanisms involved in progression are still unclear. New prognostic markers should be explored for better design of patient-specific therapeutic regimens. METHODS: This study was performed on 120 patients stratified as 76 with prostatic carcinoma, 12 with low-grade prostate intraepithelial lesion, 12 with high-grade prostate intraepithelial lesion and 20 with benign prostate hyperplasia. Immunohistochemical study was done for Golgi phosphoprotein 3 (GOLPH3) and Y-box binding protein-1 (YB-1) analysis. Correlation with clinicopathological data and overall survival was analyzed. RESULTS: Both GOLPH3 and YB-1 showed increased expression from benign to malignant tumors. In prostatic carcinoma, cytoplasmic GOLPH3 was associated with Gleason score, stage and androgen receptor (P = 0.034, P < 0.001, and P = 0.008 respectively). Nuclear YB-1 expression was associated with Gleason score and androgen receptor (P = 0.018 and P = 0.024 respectively). Cytoplasmic YB-1 expression was associated with Gleason score, stage and androgen receptor (P = 0.008, P = 0.027, and P < 0.001 respectively). High Gleason score (P = 0.004), high stage (P < 0.001) and androgen receptor (P = 0.006) were the only detected adverse prognostic clinicopathological factors. Moderate/intense GOLPH3 and high nuclear and cytoplasmic YB-1 expression were correlated with shorter overall survival (P < 0.001, P = 0.020, and P < 0.001 respectively). In the multivariate analysis, moderate/intense GOLPH3 expression was the only predictor of overall survival (P = 0.025). CONCLUSIONS: High GOLPH3 and nuclear/cytoplasmic YB-1 expression correlated with poor prognosis in prostate cancer. Both markers can be promising targets for new treatment strategies.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".