Bibliographic record
Abstract
To increase the capacity of urban expressways in Shanghai, China, additional lanes were created during the past decade through reconstruction. Field measurements indicate that maximum lane width is 3.97 m and minimum width is only 2.73 m. To investigate the relationship between lane width and capacity for urban expressways, 3 months of traffic flow data were extracted and filtered from the system to manage inductive detectors on Shanghai's urban expressways. Analysis of all 440 segments of expressways in Shanghai showed that only 60 sites could reach their capacity; the characteristics of these 60 sites were further analyzed statistically. An analysis of a variance, a regression analysis, and a t-test were used to explore the relationship between lane width and capacity. The research showed that lane width had no statistically significant effect on capacity. Two causes that might account for this finding are discussed further: (a) free-flow speeds are similar for different lane widths according to the findings of a t-test that found no statistically significant differences and (b) the critical speed when capacity is reached for a Shanghai expressway is very low, only 45 km/h. Thus, drivers can deal with a narrow lane width at such a low critical speed. This finding suggests that geometric design policies for capacity purposes should provide substantial flexibility for use of narrower lane widths on urban expressways with low speed limits, although those lane widths must be subject to safety considerations.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.004 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".