An Integrated Hierarchical Bayesian Model for Multivariate eQTL Mapping
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Recently, expression quantitative loci (eQTL) mapping studies, where expression levels of thousands of genes are viewed as quantitative traits, have been used to provide greater insight into the biology of gene regulation. Originally, eQTLs were detected by applying standard QTL detection tools (using a "one gene at-a-time" approach), but this method ignores many possible interactions between genes. Several other methods have proposed to overcome these limitations, but each of them has some specific disadvantages. In this paper, we present an integrated hierarchical Bayesian model that jointly models all genes and SNPs to detect eQTLs. We propose a model (named iBMQ) that is specifically designed to handle a large number G of gene expressions, a large number S of regressors (genetic markers) and a small number n of individuals in what we call a ``large G, large S, small n'' paradigm. This method incorporates genotypic and gene expression data into a single model while 1) specifically coping with the high dimensionality of eQTL data (large number of genes), 2) borrowing strength from all gene expression data for the mapping procedures, and 3) controlling the number of false positives to a desirable level. To validate our model, we have performed simulation studies and showed that it outperforms other popular methods for eQTL detection, including QTLBIM, R-QTL, remMap and M-SPLS. Finally, we used our model to analyze a real expression dataset obtained in a panel of mice BXD Recombinant Inbred (RI) strains. Analysis of these data with iBMQ revealed the presence of multiple hotspots showing significant enrichment in genes belonging to one or more annotation categories.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".