A Soft Sensor Based on the Integration of Tikhonov Extreme Learning Machine and Accelerated Kernels for Real-Time Estimation of Automotive Catalyst Temperatures
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This papers deals with the design of an efficient intelligent tool for automotive engine coldstart monitoring applications. The real-time identification and control of engine coldstart operations have been proven to be very formidable tasks. This refers to the highly nonlinear and transient behavior of the engine system over coldstart operations. As the catalyst temperature is not sufficiently high, the amount of tailpipe hydrocarbon emissions is remarkable over this period. The researchers of systems sciences have investigated the development of soft sensors which are needed to monitor the catalyst temperature for enabling effective coldstart controllers to reduce the emissions. However, most of the conducted researches have focused on using complicated statistical models as well as gradient-based neural networks for the considered problem. This raises several problems regarding the generalization and computational efficiency of the proposed models. In this paper, the authors propose a novel computationally efficient method based on the integration of accelerated kernels and Tikhonov regularized extreme learning machine for the online monitoring of the catalyst temperature over the coldstart period for a given engine. Based on the results of comparative simulations, the authors demonstrate that the proposed soft sensor can be very effective for automotive coldstart applications.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".