Atuação de Bancos Estrangeiros no Brasil: mercado de crédito e de derivativos de 2005 a 2011.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This study investigates the role of the group of foreign banks in Brazil between 2005 and 2011. It focuses on their involvement on foreign exchange derivatives and credit markets, especially during the financial crisis in 2008/2009. Foreign banks account for almost a quarter of the supply of non-directed credit. The financial crisis negatively affected the supply of loans by foreign banks, even more intensively and longer than domestic private banks. Nevertheless, in the post-crisis period, namely from the third quarter of 2010 until the end of 2011, the growth rate of foreign banks’ lending was larger than those of other banks. The interest rates that foreign banks charge in some types of loans are, on average, lower than those charged by domestic banks. In the currency derivatives market, foreign banks play an important role in providing such instruments, especially for the non-financial sector and for institutional investors. The results show that, during the crisis and especially in the post-crisis period, domestic private banks reduced their share in such markets. In addition, we show that this market is less concentrated than the credit market.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.004 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.003 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".