Black Africans' Religious and Cultural Assimilation to, or Appropriation of, Catholicism in Italy, 1470-1520
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Dans cet article, j’examine trois exemples d’africains sub-sahariens présents dans l’Italie de la Renaissance et qui ont assimilé avec succès les fondamentaux du catholicisme. On considère qu’il était impossible pour les noirs africains en Europe de se réinventer une nouvelle identité sans être préparés à apprendre comment mener une vie de catholique pieux. Toutefois, ce niveau d’assimilation était contesté régulièrement par les Européens ‘blancs’. On en examine trois exemples: le premier concerne les préjugés courants qui empêchaient qu’un couple d’esclaves noirs donne leur enfant le nom d’un saint catholique. Un deuxième exemple consiste en l’introduction d’un donateur noir dans un retable du XVe siècle. Le troisième exemple analyse le contenu religieux du testament d’une femme d’Afrique noire.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.002 | 0.003 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".