Standardized Extract of the Persian Gulf Sponge, Axinella Sinoxea Selectively Induces Apoptosis through Mitochondria in Human Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia Cells
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Sponges are important components of the Persian Gulf animal communities. The marine sponges of the genus Axinella sinoxea is are a genus of sponges in the family Axinellidae. Species of Axinella sinoxea occur in the India, Pacific Oceans and also Persian Gulf. Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is a disease characterized by the relentless accumulation of CD5+ B lymphocytes. CLL is the most common leukemia in adults, about 25-30% of all leukemias. In this study B lymphocytes mitochondria (both cancerous and non-cancerous) were isolated using differential centrifugation from peripheral blood samples and succinate dehydrogenase activity, mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, collapse of mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), mitochondrial swelling and finally release of cytochrome C were examined following the addition of methanolic extract of Axinella sinoxea. Our results showed that only in mitochondria isolated from cancerous BUT NOT normal lymphocytes a significant (P < 0.05) increase in mitochondrial ROS formation, MMP collapse, mitochondrial swelling and cytochrome c release. These results showed that Axinella sinoxea extract has a selective toxicity on chronic lymphocytic leukemia lymphocytes and their mitochondria and hence may be considered as a promising anti CLL candidate for further studies needed as a supplement for cancer patients in the future.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".