Feeding Practices and Outcomes of Infants Undergoing the Norwood Procedure
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Objective. To determine if early pre- and postoperative enteral feeding was associated with improved postoperative outcomes in infants with hypoplastic left heart syndrome undergoing the Norwood procedure. Study Design. Retrospective chart review of infants undergoing stage 1 surgical palliation for hypoplastic left heart syndrome. Results. Baseline demographics were similar between infants who received preoperative enteral nutrition (n = 17) and those who did not (n = 23). Infants who received no enteral nutrition had higher preoperative serum lactate levels (3.7 ± 2.1 vs 2.5 ± 0.8 mmol/L, P = .02). Postoperative length of stay, days of parenteral nutrition, and progression of enteral nutrition did not differ between groups. Postoperative length of stay was positively correlated with postoperative number of days from first to full enteral nutrition (r = .6; P < .0005) and day at full enteral nutrition (r = .6; P < .0005) but not day of first enteral nutrition (r = .15; P = .382). Conclusion. While current evidence indicates benefit of early enteral feeding, no association was found between preoperative enteral nutrition and postoperative outcomes measured. Further research using feeding algorithms may help inform care of these complex infants.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.005 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".