CMOS Image Sensor With Area-Efficient Block-Based Compressive Sensing
Bibliographic record
Abstract
We have designed, fabricated, and measured the performance of a linear and area-efficient implementation of the compressive sensing (CS) method in CMOS image sensors. The use of an active pixel sensor (APS) with an integrator and in-pixel current switches are exploited to develop a compact implementation of CS encoding in analog domain. The intrinsic linearity of APS with integrator circuit guarantees the linearity of the CS encoding structure. The CS measurement process is performed for different blocks of the imager separately. This block-based implementation provides individual access to all the pixels from outside the array, resulting in a scalable design with relatively high fill-factor using only two transistors in each pixel. The CS-CMOS image sensor is designed and fabricated in 130-nm technology for 2 × 2, 4 × 4, and 16 × 16 arrays. The linearity of the extracted measurement is confirmed by the experimental results from 2 × 2 and 4 × 4 blocks. In addition, the block readout scheme and the scalability of the design is examined by fabricating a larger array of 4 × 4 blocks.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".