Adaptation to chronic length change in explanted airway smooth muscle
Bibliographic record
Abstract
It has been shown that airway smooth muscle in vitro is able to maintain active force over a large length range by adaptation in the absence of periodic stimulations at 4 degrees C (Wang L, Paré PD, and Seow CY. J Appl Physiol 90: 734-740, 2001). In this study, we show that such adaptation also takes place at body temperature and that long-term adaptation results in irreversible functional change in the muscle that could lead to airway hyperresponsiveness. Rabbit tracheal muscle explants were passively maintained at shortened and in situ length for 3 and 7-8 days in culture media; the length-tension relationship was then examined. The length associated with maximal force generation decreased by 10.5 +/- 3.8% (SE) after 3 days and 37.7 +/- 8.5% after 7 or 8 days of passive shortening. At day 3, the left shift in the length-tension curve due to adaptation at short lengths was reversible by readapting the muscle at a longer length. The shift was, however, not completely reversible after 7 days. The results suggest that long-term adaptation of airway smooth muscle could lead to increased muscle stiffness and force-generating ability at short lengths. Under in vivo condition, this could translate into resistance to stretch-induced relaxation and excessive airway narrowing.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".