Bibliographic record
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Chronic spontaneous urticaria (CSU) is urticaria persisting for more than 6 weeks with no identifiable provoking cause and associated with significant disability. OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to survey patients with CSU with a view to establishing prognosis, efficacy of treatments, suspected causality, and effects on lifestyle. METHODS: One hundred seventy-four patients with CSU were seen between 2003 and 2013. A questionnaire was sent to all, and 101 participated. RESULTS: The ratio of female to male participants was 4:1. The mean age of onset was 36 years. The average duration of symptoms was 8.8 years, with a range of 0.33 to 55 years. Seven percent of participants had autoimmune thyroiditis, and another 17% had various other autoimmune diseases. Common symptoms were pruritus, disturbed sleep, and anxiety. Slightly more than 70% had missed work or school. Most were frustrated at the lack of efficacy of treatments. CONCLUSIONS: CSU is frequently associated with a history of autoimmune diseases. It may persist for decades and causes significant disruption to lifestyle.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.004 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".