Effects of Friction Factor and Inlet Stagnation Conditions on the Self-Condensation of Steam in a Supersonic Nozzle
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
This paper describes a theoretical study of the self-condensation of non-equilibrium wet steam during supersonic expansion in a de Laval nozzle. Nucleation and droplet growth theories have been combined with the equations of one-dimensional gas dynamics and the system integrated numerically on a computer. The method of solution has been applied to predict the self-condensation zone in the supersonic region of a converging-diverging nozzle and it has been shown that the condensation of vapour in divergent part of the nozzle causes a pressure rise in flow. The results have been confirmed experimentally and, on the strength of this agreement, the treatment has been extended to predict the effects of friction factor, stagnation pressure and temperature on the location of the condensation shock. The work can be extended to predict the formation and growth of liquid droplets in steam turbines.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it