Prosodic licensing and Mandarin tone 2 sandhi - Interaction between tone and stress
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Normal.dotm 0 0 1 104 596 University of Toronto 4 1 731 12.0 0 false 18 pt 18 pt 0 0 false false false This work explores the interaction between tone and stress in contour tone languages. Mandarin tone 2 (hence after T 2 ) sandhi is focused as this sandhi process is uniformly agreed as being induced by stress. In order to disambiguate the basic facts of this process, an experiment was designed and conducted. Based on the analysis of the results, a prosodic licensing account of T 2 sandhi is provided and two types of relations between tone and stress in Mandarin are attested. Statically, there is a relation between high register and prominence, between low register and non-prominence; between rising contour and prominence and between level tone and non-prominence. Dynamically, stress governs the realization of tone.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.005 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".